Ibiryo bigizwe nibintu bimwe cyangwa byinshi kama kama hamwe numunuko, muri iyi molekile kama harimo amatsinda amwe amwe. zahujwe muburyo butandukanye muri molekile, kuburyo flavours zifite ubwoko butandukanye bwimpumuro nziza nimpumuro nziza.
Uburemere bwa molekuline muri rusange buri hagati ya 26 na 300, gushonga mumazi, Ethanol cyangwa ibindi bimera. Molekile igomba kuba irimo itsinda rya atome nka 0H, -co -, -NH, na -SH, ryitwa itsinda rya aromatic cyangwa itsinda rya aromatic. Utwo dusatsi twinshi dutuma impumuro itanga imbaraga zitandukanye, igaha abantu ibyiyumvo bitandukanye byimibavu.
Ibyiciro bya Flavours
Ukurikije inkomoko irashobora kugabanywamo uburyohe busanzwe hamwe nuburyohe bwa sintetike. Uburyohe karemano burashobora kugabanwa muburyohe bwinyamanswa hamwe nibimera bisanzwe. Ibirungo bya sintetike birashobora kugabanywamo uburyohe bwihariye, synthesis ya chimique hamwe nuruvange rwibiryo, uburyohe bwa sintetike bigabanijwemo uburyohe bwa sintetike hamwe nuburyohe bwuzuye.
Ibiryo bisanzwe
Ibiryo karemano bivuga umwimerere kandi udatunganijwe ushyizwe mubice bihumura neza byinyamaswa n'ibimera; Cyangwa impumuro nziza yakuweho cyangwa itunganijwe muburyo bwumubiri idahinduye ibigize umwimerere. Ibiryo bisanzwe birimo inyamanswa n'ibimera uburyohe bubiri ibyiciro bibiri.
Uburyohe bwinyamaswa
Ubwoko bw'inyamanswa karemano y'inyamaswa ni nkeya, cyane cyane mu gusohora cyangwa gusohora inyamaswa, hari ubwoko bugera ku icumi bwibiryo byinyamanswa biboneka kubisabwa, gukoresha ubu ni byinshi: musk, ambergris, imibavu ya civet, castorean ibi biryo bine byinyamaswa.
Tera uburyohe busanzwe
Gutera uburyohe karemano nisoko nyamukuru yuburyohe karemano, ubwoko bwibihingwa bikungahaye, kandi uburyo bwo kuvura buratandukanye. Abantu basanze hari ubwoko burenga 3600 bwibimera bihumura muri kamere, nka mint, lavender, peony, jasine, karungu, nibindi, ariko ubwoko 400 gusa bwo gukoresha neza burahari. Ukurikije imiterere yabyo, barashobora kugabanywamo terpenoide, amatsinda ya alifatique, amatsinda ya aromatiya hamwe na azote hamwe na sulfure.
uburyohe
Uburyohe bwa sintetike ni uburyohe bwateguwe na synthesis ya chimique ukoresheje ibikoresho bisanzwe cyangwa ibikoresho fatizo bya chimique. Kugeza ubu, hari ubwoko bwa 4000 ~ 5000 bwibiryo bya sintetike ukurikije ubuvanganzo, kandi ubwoko 700 burakoreshwa. Muri ubu buryohe bwa flavour, flavours ya syntetique igera kuri 85%.
Parufe irigunga
Imibavu ya parfum ni uburyohe bumwe butandukanye butandukanijwe kumubiri cyangwa muburyo bwa chimique bitandukanijwe nimpumuro nziza. Bafite imiterere imwe nuburyo busobanutse bwa molekile, ariko bafite impumuro imwe, kandi bakeneye gukoreshwa nizindi mpumuro nziza cyangwa yubukorikori.
Uburyohe bwa Semi-synthique
Uburyohe bwa Semi-synthique ni ubwoko bwibicuruzwa biva muburyo bwa chimique, nikintu cyingenzi muburyohe bwa sintetike. Kugeza ubu, amoko arenga 150 y’ibicuruzwa bihumura neza byakozwe mu nganda.
Ibiryo byuzuye
Ibiryo byuzuye bya sintetike ni uruganda rwimiti rwabonetse muburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza imiti ya peteroli cyangwa amakara nkibikoresho fatizo fatizo. Ni "ibikoresho fatizo byubukorikori" byateguwe ukurikije inzira yashizweho. Hano ku isi hari ubwoko burenga 5.000 bwibiryo byogukora, kandi hariho ubwoko burenga 1.400 bwibiryo byemewe byemewe mubushinwa, nubwoko burenga 400 bwibicuruzwa bisanzwe bikoreshwa.
Kuvanga uburyohe
Kuvanga bivanga kuvanga ibihimbano byinshi cyangwa byinshi byinshyi (ibirungo bisanzwe, sintetike kandi byitaruye) hamwe nimpumuro nziza cyangwa impumuro nziza ishobora gukoreshwa muburyohe bwibicuruzwa, bizwi kandi nka essence.
Ukurikije imikorere ya flavours mukuvanga, irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bitanu: umukozi wimpumuro nziza, hamwe numukozi uhumura neza, uhindura, umukozi uhumura neza nimpumuro nziza. Irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu: impumuro yumutwe, impumuro yumubiri hamwe nimpumuro nziza ukurikije ihindagurika rya flavour nigihe cyo kugumana.
Gutondekanya impumuro nziza
Poucher yasohoye uburyo bwo gutondekanya impumuro ukurikije ihindagurika ryabo. Yasuzumye impumuro nziza 330 na sintetike nizindi mpumuro nziza, ayishyira mubice byambere, umubiri ndetse nimpumuro yambere ashingiye kumwanya bamara kumpapuro.
Poucher iha coefficient ya "1" kubantu bafite impumuro yabuze mugihe kitarenze umunsi, "2" kubafite impumuro yabuze mugihe kitarenze iminsi ibiri, nibindi kugeza kuri "100", nyuma yabyo ni Ntacyiciro. Ashyira 1 kugeza 14 nkimpumuro yumutwe 15 kugeza 60 nkimpumuro yumubiri na 62 kugeza 100 nkimpumuro nziza cyangwa impumuro nziza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-23-2024