Ese uburyohe karemano ni bwiza kurusha uburyohe bwa sintetike?

Mu rwego rw'inganda, impumuro ikoreshwa mu gushyiraho uburyohe bw'impumuro ihindagurika y'ikintu, inkomoko yacyo igabanyijemo ibice bibiri: kimwe ni "uburyohe karemano", kiva mu bimera, inyamaswa, ibikoresho bya mikorobe hakoreshejwe "uburyo bwa fiziki" ibintu bihumura; kimwe ni "impumuro ikoze mu buryo bwa sintetike", ikozwe muri bimwe mu "binyabutabire" na aside, alkali, umunyu n'ibindi binyabutabire biva mu bintu by'ubutare nka peteroli na makara binyuze mu gutunganya no gutunganya imiti. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, uburyohe karemano bwarakunzwe cyane kandi ibiciro byarazamutse cyane, ariko se uburyohe karemano ni bwiza kuruta uburyohe bwa sintetike?

Ibirungo karemano bigabanyijemo ibirungo by'inyamaswa n'ibirungo by'ibimera: ibirungo karemano by'inyamaswa ahanini ni amoko ane: musk, civet, castoreum na ambergris; Impumuro karemano y'ibimera ni uruvange rw'ibinyabuzima rukomoka ku ndabyo, amababi, amashami, amashami, imbuto, nibindi, by'ibimera bihumura neza. Ibirungo by'ubukorikori bifite ibirungo bikozwe mu buryo bwa semi-synthetic n'ibirungo byuzuye: gukoresha igice karemano nyuma yo guhindura imiterere y'ibirungo byitwa ibirungo bikozwe mu buryo bwa semi-synthetic, gukoresha ibikoresho by'ibanze by'ubukorikori byitwa ibirungo byuzuye by'ubukorikori. Dukurikije ibyiciro by'imikorere, impumuro zikozwe mu buryo bwa ether zishobora kugabanywamo impumuro za ether (diphenyl ether, anisole, nibindi), impumuro za aldehyde-ketone (musketone, cyclopentadecanone, nibindi), impumuro za lactone (isoamyl acetate, amyl butyrate, nibindi), impumuro za alcool (alcool ivanze n'ibinure, arumori ivanze n'ibindi), nibindi.

Uburyohe bwa mbere bushobora gutegurwa gusa hakoreshejwe uburyohe karemano, nyuma yo kugaragara kw'uburyohe bwa sintetike, abakora parufe bashobora gutegura uburyohe butandukanye kugira ngo buhuze n'ibyo abantu bose bakeneye. Ku bakozi bo mu nganda n'abaguzi, impungenge nyamukuru ni ugukomera no kurinda ibirungo. Uburyohe karemano ntabwo ari ngombwa ko butekanye, kandi uburyohe bwa sintetike ntabwo ari ngombwa ko butekanye. Gukomera kw'uburyohe bigaragarira ahanini mu bintu bibiri: icya mbere, gukomera kwabyo mu mpumuro cyangwa uburyohe; Icya kabiri, gukomera kw'imiterere y'umubiri n'iya shimi ubwayo cyangwa mu gicuruzwa; Umutekano werekeza niba hari uburozi bwo mu kanwa, uburozi bw'uruhu, ububabare ku ruhu no mu maso, niba uruhu rukora ku bintu bishobora gutera ubwivumbure, niba hari uburozi bwo kwiyumvamo urumuri no kwiyumvamo urumuri.

Ku bijyanye n'ibirungo, ibirungo karemano ni uruvange rugoye, rugirwaho ingaruka n'ibintu nk'inkomoko n'ikirere, bitaba byoroshye kugena uko ibintu bihagaze n'impumuro nziza, kandi akenshi biba birimo ibintu bitandukanye. Imiterere y'impumuro iragoye cyane, kandi bitewe n'urwego rw'ubutabire n'ikoranabuhanga rya biotekinoloji, biragoye kugera ku isesengura ryuzuye no gusobanukirwa neza impumuro y'ibice byabyo, kandi ingaruka ku mubiri w'umuntu ntibyoroshye kumva. Zimwe muri izi ngaruka ntabwo tuzi mu by'ukuri; Imiterere y'ibirungo bya sintetike irasobanutse neza, igerageza ry'ibinyabuzima rikenewe rirashobora gukorwa, ikoreshwa mu buryo bwizewe rirashobora kugerwaho, kandi impumuro irahamye, kandi impumuro y'ibicuruzwa byongewemo na yo ishobora kuba ihamye, ibyo bikatuzanira uburyo bworoshye bwo kubikoresha.

Ku bijyanye n'ibisigazwa by'amavuta, impumuro zikozwe mu buryo bwa sintetike ni zimwe n'impumuro karemano. Uburyohe karemano nabwo busaba ibisigazwa mu buryo bwo gukuramo. Mu gihe cyo gukora, ibisigazwa bishobora kugenzurwa mu buryo bwizewe binyuze mu guhitamo ibisigazwa no kubikuraho.

Uburyohe bwinshi n'uburyohe karemano birahenze kurusha uburyohe n'uburyohe bya sintetike, ariko ibi ntabwo bifitanye isano itaziguye n'umutekano, kandi uburyohe bumwe na bumwe bwa sintetike buhenze cyane kurusha uburyohe karemano. Abantu batekereza ko karemano ari byiza, rimwe na rimwe kubera ko impumuro karemano ituma abantu barushaho kuba beza, kandi bimwe mu bintu bifatika mu buryohe karemano bishobora kuzana itandukaniro rito mu buryo bugaragara. Ntabwo ari karemano ari byiza, sintetike si nziza, igihe cyose ikoreshwa mu rwego rw'amabwiriza n'amahame ari umutekano, kandi mu rwego rwa siyansi, ibirungo bya sintetike biragenzurwa, bifite umutekano, muri iki gihe, kandi bikwiriye gukoreshwa na rubanda.