I. Incamake y'inganda
Impumuro ivuga ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibirungo karemano n'ibirungo by'ubukorano nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi, kandi hamwe n'ibindi bikoresho by'inyongera hakurikijwe uburyo bukwiye n'inzira yo gutegura uburyohe runaka bw'uruvange rugoye, ahanini rukoreshwa mu bwoko bwose bw'ibiryo biryoshye. Impumuro ni ijambo rusange risobanura ibintu biryoshye bivanwa cyangwa biboneka hakoreshejwe uburyo bw'ubukorano, kandi ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'imiti myiza. Impumuro ni ikintu cyihariye gifitanye isano rya hafi n'imibereho y'abantu, kizwi nka "monosodium glutamate y'inganda", ibicuruzwa byacyo bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z'ibiribwa, inganda za shimi za buri munsi, inganda z'imiti, inganda z'itabi, inganda z'imyenda, inganda z'uruhu n'izindi nganda.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, politiki nyinshi zashyizeho ibisabwa byo gucunga inganda zitunganya uburyohe n'impumuro nziza, umutekano, imicungire y'ibidukikije, no gukwirakwiza ibiribwa bitandukanye. Ku bijyanye n'umutekano, iyi politiki itanga igitekerezo cyo "guteza imbere iyubakwa rya sisitemu igezweho yo gucunga umutekano w'ibiribwa", no guteza imbere cyane ikoranabuhanga ry'uburyohe karemano no gutunganya; Ku bijyanye n'imiyoborere y'ibidukikije, iyi politiki ishimangira ko hakenewe "iterambere ry'ibidukikije ridafite karuboni nyinshi", no guteza imbere iterambere ry'inganda zitunganya uburyohe n'impumuro nziza; Ku bijyanye n'ubutandukanye bw'ibiribwa, iyi politiki ishishikariza impinduka no kuzamura inganda z'ibiribwa, bityo bigateza imbere iterambere ry'inganda zitunganya uburyohe n'impumuro nziza. Inganda zitunganya uburyohe n'impumuro nziza nk'inganda zikora ibikoresho fatizo bya shimi n'ibikomoka kuri shimi, politiki ikomeye izatuma ibigo bito bifite imiyoborere idakomeye ku bidukikije bihura n'igitutu kinini, kandi ibigo bifite urwego runaka n'amahame agenga ibidukikije bifite amahirwe meza yo guteza imbere.
Ibikoresho by'ingenzi by'uburyohe n'impumuro nziza birimo menti, indimu, roza, lavenda, vetiver n'ibindi bimera by'ibirungo, na musk, ambergris n'izindi nyamaswa (ibirungo). Birumvikana ko uruhererekane rw'inganda zayo rugizwe n'ubuhinzi, amashyamba, ubworozi n'ibindi bihingwa byinshi, birimo gutera, korora, ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga mu buhinzi, gusarura no gutunganya n'ibindi bifitanye isano ry'ibanze rishingiye ku mutungo. Kubera ko uburyohe n'impumuro ari ibintu by'ingenzi mu biribwa, ibikomoka ku ruhu, itabi, ibinyobwa, ibiryo by'amatungo n'izindi nganda, izi nganda zigize igice cy'inganda z'uburyohe n'impumuro nziza. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, hamwe n'iterambere ry'izi nganda, ubwinshi bw'ibirungo n'impumuro nziza bwakomeje kwiyongera, kandi hashyizweho ibisabwa byinshi ku birungo n'impumuro nziza.
2. Imiterere y'iterambere
Kubera iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’ibihugu ku isi (cyane cyane ibihugu byateye imbere), iterambere rikomeje ry’ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa, ibyo abantu bakeneye ku ireme ry’ibiribwa n’ibyo bakeneye buri munsi birushaho kwiyongera, iterambere ry’inganda n’ibicuruzwa bikururwa n’abantu byihutishije iterambere ry’inganda zikora ibirungo ku isi. Hari ubwoko burenga 6.000 bw’ibirungo n’impumuro nziza ku isi, kandi ingano y’isoko yariyongereye kuva kuri miliyari 24.1 z’amadolari mu 2015 igera kuri miliyari 29.9 z’amadolari mu 2023, hamwe n’igipimo cy’izamuka ry’ibirungo cya 3.13%.
Umusaruro n'iterambere ry'inganda zitunganya uburyohe n'impumuro nziza, bihuye n'iterambere ry'ibiribwa, ibinyobwa, imiti ikoreshwa buri munsi n'izindi nganda zishyigikira, impinduka zihuse mu nganda zikomeza gutera imbere, bigatuma inganda zitunganya uburyohe n'impumuro nziza zikomeza gutera imbere, ireme ry'ibicuruzwa rikomeza gutera imbere, ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa bukomeza kwiyongera, kandi umusaruro wiyongera buri mwaka. Mu 2023, umusaruro w'ibiryohe n'impumuro nziza mu Bushinwa wageze kuri toni miliyoni 1.371, ubwiyongere bwa 2.62%, ugereranije n'umusaruro wo mu 2017 wiyongereyeho toni 123.000, kandi igipimo cy'iterambere ry'ibikomoka ku bimera mu myaka itanu ishize cyari hafi ya 1.9%. Ku bijyanye n'ingano y'isoko ryose, isoko ry'ibiryohe ryagize uruhare runini, ringana na 64.4%, naho ibirungo bingana na 35.6%.
Bitewe n’iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa no kunoza imibereho y’igihugu, ndetse no kohereza inganda mpuzamahanga z’ibirungo, icyifuzo n’umusaruro w’ibirungo mu Bushinwa biri kwiyongera mu cyerekezo kimwe, kandi inganda z’ibirungo zirimo gutera imbere vuba kandi isoko rikomeje kwiyongera. Nyuma y’imyaka myinshi y’iterambere ryihuse, inganda z’ibirungo zo mu gihugu nazo zarangije buhoro buhoro impinduka kuva ku gukora uduce duto tw’ibirungo kugeza ku gukora inganda, kuva ku gukora ibikoresho byigana kugeza ku gukora ibikoresho byigenga, kuva ku gupima no gukoresha ibikoresho by’umwuga byigenga, kuva ku isuzumabumenyi kugeza ku gukoresha ibizamini by’ibikoresho bigezweho, kuva ku gutangiza abakozi ba tekiniki kugeza ku guhugura abakozi b’umwuga bigenga, kuva ku gukusanya umutungo kamere kugeza ku gutangiza no guhinga no gushyiraho ishingiro. Inganda zikora ibirungo zo mu gihugu zagiye zitera imbere buhoro buhoro zihinduka inganda zuzuye. Mu 2023, isoko ry’ibirungo n’impumuro nziza mu Bushinwa ryageze kuri miliyari 71.322 z’amayuan, aho isoko ry’ibirungo ryari 61%, naho ibirungo byari 39%.
3. Imiterere y'irushanwa
Kuri ubu, iterambere ry’inganda z’uburyohe n’impumuro nziza mu Bushinwa riragaragara cyane. Ubushinwa kandi ni bwo bunini ku isi mu gukora uburyohe n’impumuro karemano. Muri rusange, inganda z’uburyohe n’impumuro nziza mu Bushinwa zateye imbere vuba kandi zitera imbere cyane, ndetse hari n’ibigo byinshi byigenga bihanga udushya byavutse. Kuri ubu, ibigo by’ingenzi mu nganda z’uburyohe n’impumuro nziza mu Bushinwa ni Jiaxing Zhonghua Chemical Co., LTD., Huabao International Holdings Co., LTD., China Bolton Group Co., LTD., Aipu Fragrance Group Co., LTD.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, itsinda rya Bolton ryashyize mu bikorwa ingamba z’iterambere zishingiye ku guhanga udushya, ryongera ishoramari mu bushakashatsi n’iterambere rya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga, ryakomeje kwigarurira ikoranabuhanga ry’impumuro nziza, ikoranabuhanga rya biosynthesis, icukura ibimera karemano n’ibindi birere bya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga, ubutwari bwo gushyira no gutegura ikarita y’iterambere, kubaka ubushobozi bw’ibanze bw’ikigo, kwagura inganda zikiri nshya nka biotechnology, itabi ry’ikoranabuhanga, ubuvuzi n’ubuzima, kandi ryashyizeho urufatiro rukomeye rwo gushyiraho uyu muryango umaze imyaka ijana. Mu 2023, amafaranga yose yinjiraga muri Bolton Group yari miliyari 2.352 z’amayuan, ubwiyongere bwa 2.89%.
4. Iterambere ry'iterambere
Hashize igihe kinini, uburyohe n'impumuro nziza bitangwa kandi bigashakwa n'Uburayi bw'Iburengerazuba, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubuyapani n'utundi turere bihagarikwa n'Uburayi bw'Iburengerazuba, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubuyapani n'utundi turere. Ariko Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubudage, Ubufaransa n'Ubwongereza, amasoko yabyo yo mu gihugu amaze gukura, bigomba kwishingikiriza ku bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere kugira ngo byagure gahunda zabyo z'ishoramari kandi bikomeze guhangana. Ku isoko ry'uburyohe n'impumuro nziza ku isi, ibihugu byo mu rwego rw'isi ya gatatu n'uturere nka Aziya, Oseyaniya na Amerika y'Epfo byabaye ahantu hakomeye ho guhatana ku bigo by'ingenzi. Ubushake buri hejuru cyane mu karere ka Aziya na Pasifika, kari hejuru cyane y'igipimo cy'iterambere ry'isi.
1, icyifuzo cy’ibirungo n’impumuro nziza ku isi kizakomeza kwiyongera. Ukurikije uko inganda zitunganya uburyohe n’impumuro nziza zimeze mu myaka ya vuba aha, icyifuzo cy’ibirungo n’impumuro nziza ku isi kiri kwiyongera ku kigero cya 5% ku mwaka. Ukurikije iterambere ryiza ririho ubu mu nganda zitunganya uburyohe n’impumuro nziza, nubwo iterambere ry’inganda zitunganya ibirungo mu bihugu byinshi byateye imbere rigenda buhoro, ubushobozi bw’isoko ry’ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere buracyari bunini, inganda zitunganya ibiribwa n’izikora ibicuruzwa zikomeje gutera imbere, urwego rw’inyungu rusange rw’igihugu n’umusaruro w’umuntu ku giti cye rukomeje kwiyongera, kandi ishoramari mpuzamahanga rirakora, ibi bintu bizongera icyifuzo cy’ibirungo n’impumuro nziza ku isi.
2. Ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere bifite amahirwe menshi yo gutera imbere. Hashize igihe kinini, uburyohe n'impumuro nziza bitangwa n'Uburayi bw'Iburengerazuba, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubuyapani n'utundi turere byigaruriwe n'Uburayi bw'Iburengerazuba, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubuyapani n'utundi turere. Ariko, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubudage, Ubufaransa n'Ubwongereza, amasoko yabyo yo mu gihugu amaze gukura, bigomba kwishingikiriza ku masoko manini yo mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kugira ngo byagure imishinga y'ishoramari kandi bikomeze guhangana. Ku isoko ry'uburyohe n'impumuro nziza ku isi, ibihugu byo mu rwego rw'isi n'uturere nka Aziya, Oseyaniya na Amerika y'Epfo byabaye ahantu hakomeye ho guhatana ku bigo by'ingenzi. Ubushake buri hejuru cyane mu karere ka Aziya na Pasifika.
3, ibigo mpuzamahanga bicuruza uburyohe n'impumuro nziza kugira ngo byagure urwego rw'impumuro nziza n'itabi. Bitewe n'iterambere ryihuse ry'inganda z'itabi ku isi, ishingwa ry'ibigo bikomeye, no kunoza ibyiciro by'itabi, icyifuzo cy'uburyohe n'impumuro nziza y'itabi nacyo kirimo kwiyongera. Ahantu ho guteza imbere uburyohe n'impumuro nziza y'itabi harakomeje gufungurwa, kandi ibigo mpuzamahanga bicuruza uburyohe n'impumuro nziza bizakomeza kwaguka kugera ku rwego rw'impumuro nziza n'itabi mu gihe kizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-05-2024